Étude de la mobilité électrophorétique des oligomères de chitosane et leur fractionnement par électrodialyse avec membrane d'ultrafiltration (EDUF)

Liste des illustrations

• Figure 2.1: Structure chimique de la chitine.
• Figure 2.2: Structure chimique du chitosane.
• Figure 2.3: Représentation schématique d’un contacteur à membrane combiné avec une membrane poreuse pour la migration de molécules chargées positivement.
• Figure 2.4: Représentation schématique d’un contacteur à membrane combiné avec une membrane poreuse pour la migration de molécules chargées négativement.
• Figure 2.5: Représentation schématique d’une cellule d’électrodialyse combinée avec deux membranes poreuses pour une séparation simultanées de molécules neutres, de molécules chargées positivement et de molécules chargées négativement.
• Figure 4.1: Electromigration behavior of chitosan D-glucosamine and oligomers in water. 1- Monomer. 2- Dimer. 3- Trimer. 4- Tetramer. 5- Pentamer. 6- Hexamer.
• Figure 4.2: Electromigration behavior of chitosan D-glucosamine and oligomers in NaCl 0.01 M. 1- Monomer. 2- Dimer. 3- Trimer. 4- Tetramer. 5- Pentamer. 6-Hexamer.
• Figure 4.3: Electromigration behavior of chitosan D-glucosamine and oligomers in NaCl 0.05 M. 1- Monomer. 2- Dimer. 3- Trimer. 4- Tetramer. 5- Pentamer. 6- Hexamer.
• Figure 4.4: Electromigration behavior of chitosan D-glucosamine and oligomers in NaCl 0.1 M. 1- Monomer. 2- Dimer. 3- Trimer. 4- Tetramer. 5- Pentamer. 6- Hexamer.
• Figure 4.6: Electrophoretic behavior of D-glucose in water and NaCl as function of pH and ionic strength.
• Figure 5.1: Electrophoretic mobility of the chitosan oligomers mixture at a concentration of 3% in water and water with NaCl at different ionic strengths.
• Figure 5.2: Electrophoretic mobility of the chitosan oligomers mixture at a concentration of 3% in water and water/ethanol mixture at different ratios (v/v).
• Figure 5.3: Electrophoretic mobility of the chitosan oligomers mixture at a concentration of 0.3% in water and water with NaCl at different ionic strengths.
• Figure 5.4: Electrophoretic mobility of the chitosan oligomers mixture at a concentration of 0.3% in water and water/ethanol mixture at different ratios (v/v).
• Figure 5.5: Electrophoretic mobility of the chitosan oligomers mixture at a concentration of 0.03% in water and water with NaCl at different ionic strengths.
• Figure 5.6: Electrophoretic mobility of the chitosan oligomers mixture at a concentration of 0.03% in water and water/ethanol mixture at different ratios (v/v).
• Figure 5.7: Electrophoretic mobility of the chitosan oligomers mixture at a concentration of 0.003% in water and water with NaCl at different ionic strengths.
• Figure 5.8: Electrophoretic mobility of the chitosan oligomers mixture at a concentration of 0.003% in water and water/ethanol mixture at different ratios (v/v).
• Figure 6.1: Electrodialysis cell configuration with ultrafiltration membrane for the separation of chitosan oligomer. A: anode, C: cathode, AEM: anion exchange membrane, UFM: ultrafiltration membrane, W: chitosan oligomer solution.
• Figure 6.2: pH evolution in the KCl compartment as function of time with different UF-membranes.
• Figure 6.3: pH evolution of the chitosan oligomer mixture solution as function of time with different UF-membranes.
• Figure 6.4: Electrical conductivity evolution of the KCl solution as function of time with different UF-membranes.
• Figure 6.5: Electrical conductivity evolution of the chitosan oligomer mixture solution as function of time with different UF-membranes.
• Figure 6.6: System electrical resistance during electrodialysis process as function of UF-membrane MWCO and time.
• Figure 6.7: Evolution of the dimer, trimer and tetramer electro-migration rate as a function of time in EDUF system stacked with a 1000 Da MWCO UF-membrane.
• Figure 6.8: Evolution of the dimer, trimer and tetramer electro-migration rate as a function of time in EDUF system stacked with a 5000 Da MWCO UF-membrane.
• Figure 6.9: Evolution of the dimer, trimer and tetramer electro-migration rate as a function of time in EDUF system stacked with a 10000 Da MWCO UF-membrane.
• Figure 6.10: Evolution of the dimer, trimer and tetramer electro-migration rate as a function of time in EDUF system stacked with a 20000 Da MWCO UF-membrane.
• Figure 6.11: Schematic representation of the dimer (a) () , trimer (b) () and tetramer (c) () behavior in the UF-membranes.
• Figure 7.1: Electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membrane cell configuration-1 for the separation of chitosan oligomers. Configuration-1 in the mode [A-AEM1-UFM-AEM2-C]. A: anode, C: cathode, AEM: anion exchange membrane, UFM: ultrafiltration membrane, W: chitosan oligomer mixture solution.
• Figure 7.2: Electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membrane cell configuration-2 for the separation of chitosan oligomers. Configuration-2 in the mode [C-AEM1-UFM-AEM2-A]. A: anode, C: cathode, AEM: anion exchange membrane, UFM: ultrafiltration membrane, W: chitosan oligomer mixture solution.
• Figure 7.3: Dimer electromigration rates evolution as function of time and pH values.
• Figure 7.4: Trimer electromigration rates evolution as function of time and pH values.
• Figure 7.5: Tetramer electromigration rates evolution as function of time and pH values.
• Figure 7.6: Electrical conductivity evolution of chitosan oligomer mixture solution during electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membrane process as function of time and pH in EDUF cell configuration-1.
• Figure 7.7: Electrical conductivity evolution of KCl solution during electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membrane process as function of time and pH in EDUF cell configuration-1.
• Figure 7.8: Global electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membrane system electrical resistance evolution as function of time at various pH conditions in EDUF cell configuration-1.
• Figure 7.9: Current efficiency during chitosan oligomer electromigration process in cell configuration-1.
• Figure 8.1: Schematic representation of the electrodialysis with ultrafiltration membrane cell used.
• Figure 8.2: Dimer electromigration rate as a function of time and the applied electric field strength at the averaged solution flow velocity.
• Figure 8.3: Trimer electromigration rate as function of time and the applied electric field strength at the averaged solution flow velocity.
• Figure 8.4: Tetramer electromigration rate as function of time and the applied electric field strength at the averaged solution flow velocity.
• Figure 8.6: Global EDUF system electrical resistance evolution as function of time, electric field strength and solution flow velocity.